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There’s an old saying, The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over and expecting different results. So your website shouldn’t do that, either.
Welcome to What in the World is WCAG? 3.2 Predictable.
On Focus
Simply moving focus to a new element shouldn’t cause any unexpected changes on the page. When users navigate through forms, buttons, or menus, they should be able to focus on an item without worrying about a sudden page shift or a new section opening up automatically.
This one is especially important for accessibility, as it maintains a sense of control and predictability. If something does need to change, it’s best to trigger it on a user’s action, like clicking or pressing “Enter,” instead of automatically when focus is applied. This way, users can move around your site without worrying that they’ll lose their place or think they’ve activated something accidentally.
On Input
So here I was, filling out a form (again). But when I clicked to choose an option in this dropdown, I was whisked away to a new page without any warning! That’s not just confusing — I lost my place entirely. How do I get back? And WHY did it do this?
Make sure that any time a user’s input changes their context (like jumping to a new page, displaying a popup, or loading new content), it is triggered only after the user confirms their choice, rather than automatically on selection. Give users control over when changes happen. No one likes being caught off guard.
Consistent Navigation
Repeated navigation elements, like menus, headers, or sidebars, should stay in the same order across pages. This consistency is especially helpful for users who rely on memory aids, keyboard navigation, or screen readers, as it allows them to learn the layout and navigate confidently without any surprises.
Consistent Identification
See this lozenge shaped thing with text in it? That’s a button on this website. This is a button too. But this… is not a button? Don’t tease me like that.
Repeated elements, like icons, labels, and buttons, need to be identified the same way across pages. If the “more information” icon looks and behaves a certain way on one page, it should stay that way on others. This is especially important for users with cognitive disabilities or anyone who depends on familiarity to navigate, but frankly, it’s better for everyone.
Consistent Help
Support options—whether it’s a phone number, chat, FAQ, or self-help resources— should be placed in the same location across pages. It’s all about making sure everyone can find the help they need, without the frustration of hunting for it.
Predictable: Because consistency is comfortable.