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WCAG 1.2.4: Captions (Live) (Level AA)

Ever tried to watch a live event in a noisy café or a quiet library where you couldn’t have the sound on? Without captions, you’d miss out on everything.

Captions ensure that live events—whether it’s breaking news, a sports game, or a webinar—are accessible to everyone, no matter their hearing ability or surroundings.

A cartoon of a news report, Sasha the black cat is wearing a suit and tie presenting breaking news with a caption, “reports confirm the release of the new game Nine Lives, you heard it here first” and Taffy the siamese cat is in the top left “over the shoulder” wearing sunglasses that have the hollywood sign reflected in them and palm trees in the hazy background.

Who this impacts

  • People who are deaf or hard of hearing: They rely on captions to access spoken content and important sound cues during live broadcasts.
  • People in noisy or quiet environments: Whether it’s a crowded space or a setting where sound isn’t allowed, captions make live content accessible.
  • People with cognitive impairments: Captions can aid in comprehension by providing both visual and auditory input.
  • Non-native speakers: Captions can help users better understand spoken content in a language they are still learning.

How to meet Captions (Live)

  1. Provide real-time captions for live events: This applies to webinars, live news broadcasts, sports events, and other live-streamed content. Captions should cover all spoken words and important sound effects (e.g., [applause], [music], [laughter]).
  2. Ensure captions are synchronized with the audio: Live captions must appear as close to real-time as possible, with minimal delay, so users can follow along accurately.
  3. Use a professional captioning service: Automated captioning may not be accurate enough for live events. Hiring professional captioners can ensure a higher quality of real-time captions.

Practical examples

  • Live webinar:
    You’re hosting a live educational webinar. To meet WCAG 1.2.4, provide real-time captions that display all spoken content, including key sounds or audience reactions.
  • Sports broadcast:
    During a live sports event, captions should cover the commentary as well as relevant sound effects, like crowd reactions or referee whistles, to ensure viewers don’t miss any details.

Top tips

  • Plan ahead: Arrange for captioning services well in advance of live events. Professional captioners often need preparation time.
  • Monitor captions for quality: During the live event, ensure captions are accurate and synced correctly with the audio.

Further reading

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