Why readability levels matter
Readability refers to how easily a reader can understand text. Content that’s easy to read is accessible to a wider audience. Here’s why it’s important:
- Supports people with cognitive disabilities: Clear, simple text helps people with dyslexia, ADHD, and similar disabilities process information more easily.
- Reaches diverse literacy levels: Straightforward language helps people with varied literacy skills to understand your message.
- Reduces cognitive load: Easy-to-read content helps people quickly find and understand information.
- Aligns with accessibility standards: Readability is part of WCAG standards (see WCAG 3.1.5: Reading Level).
Best practices for improving readability
Use readability formulas
Readability formulas help assess the complexity of your content. Many tools calculate these scores, which you can use to guide improvements.
- Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level: Measures the U.S. school grade level required to understand the text. Aim for grades 6–8 for accessibility.
- Flesch Reading Ease: Ranges from 0 to 100; scores of 60–70 are easier to read.
- Gunning Fog Index: Indicates years of education needed. A score of 8 or lower is accessible for most audiences.
These scores are often available in word processors or online tools. Use them to evaluate and adjust your content’s readability.
Simplify language and structure
Simplifying your language makes content more accessible.
- Use plain language: Choose simple words and avoid jargon unless necessary. Provide explanations if technical terms are essential (see WCAG 3.1.4 Abbreviations).
- Write short, clear sentences: Each sentence should convey one idea. Long sentences are harder to follow, especially for users with cognitive disabilities.
- Break up text with headings and lists: Short paragraphs and bullet points make content easier to scan.
Use active voice
Active voice makes your writing clearer and more direct.
- Active voice: The subject performs the action (e.g., “The team completed the project”), which is generally easier to understand.
- Avoid passive voice: Passive sentences are longer and often more complex (e.g., “The project was completed by the team”). Use active voice wherever possible to keep content engaging and straightforward.
Test your content with real users
User testing reveals valuable insights into readability.
- Get feedback: Involve individuals with cognitive disabilities or non-native speakers to assess clarity and ease of understanding.
- Use a screen reader: Listen to your content as read aloud by a screen reader to identify potential readability issues.
Iterate and improve
Readability is an ongoing process.
- Regularly review and refine: Update content to maintain readability standards. Simplify language and shorten sentences where needed.
- Listen to feedback: If users mention clarity or complexity issues, use their insights to improve your content.
Examples of readability improvements
To illustrate how readability can be improved, here are some before-and-after examples:
- Before: “In order to facilitate the implementation of the project, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive understanding of the requirements and objectives, which should be meticulously documented and communicated to all relevant stakeholders.”
- After: “To start the project, clearly document and share the requirements and goals with everyone involved.”
- Before: “The utilization of advanced technological solutions can significantly enhance the operational efficiency and overall productivity of the organization.”
- After: “Using advanced technology can boost the company’s efficiency and productivity.”