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WCAG 1.4.3: Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA)

Ever tried reading text that’s so faint it almost blends into the background? Now, imagine you’re someone with low vision or trying to read outside on a sunny day—low contrast can make your content completely inaccessible.

Contrast (Minimum) ensures that text and background colors are different enough to make everything easy to read, no matter the user’s vision or environment.

Who this impacts

  • People with low vision: They need a higher contrast to clearly see and engage with content.
  • People with color blindness: Distinguishing between colors can be difficult, so strong contrast helps provide clarity.
  • People using mobile devices: Glare, poor lighting, or small screens can make reading low-contrast text even more difficult.
  • Everyone: Good contrast improves readability for all users, especially in challenging viewing conditions.

How to meet Contrast (Minimum)

  1. Meet the 4.5:1 ratio for regular text: This is the minimum acceptable contrast for “normal-sized” text.
  2. Ensure 3:1 for large text: For text 18pt or larger (or 14pt bold), maintain a contrast ratio of at least 3:1.
  3. Consider text in images: While text in images is a bad thing and you shouldn’t do it, if you have done it, it needs to meet the contrast ratio requirements.
  4. Test using contrast checking tools: Ensure that your design meets the enhanced contrast requirements with Silktide’s free browser extension.

Practical example

four examples using Sasha to demonstrate different color combinations and their contrast ratios.

Exceptions

Logos, branding, and decorative text are exempt from this contrast requirement.

Top tips

  • Choose high-contrast colors: Dark text on a light background, or vice versa, generally provides the best readability.
  • Use software: Free online tools like the Silktide Browser Extension are available to help you test the contrast ratio of your text and background, and can even simulate glare on the screen.
  • Regularly review your design: As styles or colors change, make sure to check that new designs maintain the proper contrast ratios.

Further reading

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